The Embryologic Basis of Craniofacial Structure Focusing on the anatomy of the head and neck, this book begins at the cellular level of development, detailing bone, muscle, blood supply, and innervation along the way. It illustrates the origin of each tissue structure to aid in making prognoses beyond the surface deformation, offering typical issues seen in the craniofacial region, for example. Written by a pediatric Craniofacial plastic surgeon and intended for clinicians and residents in the areas of plastic surgery, ENT, maxillofacial surgery, and orthodontistry, this book is the first of its kind to focus so intently on evolution of the craniofacial structure. It is neatly broken up into two distinct sections.

The first section is meant for readers to gain a fundamental understanding of the development of craniofacial structures, from embryo onward, relying on the concepts of the Neuromeric Theory. The chapters in the first section of the book trace the development of the typical patient. The second section offers clinical examples of how the Neuromeric Theory can be used to repair or reconstruct various regions of the head and neck. Craniofacial clefts, including cleft lip and palate, ocular hypotelorism, anencephaly, craniosynostosis and more are detailed. Understanding the formation of the tissue structures involved in any given genetic deformation or anomaly enables the clinician to provide a more satisfying outcome for the patient, both structurally and aesthetically. New and current therapeutic options are explored and supported through original illustrations and photographs to aid in determining the best treatment for each individual patient.

The Embryologic Basis of Craniofacial Structure bridges the gap between introductory books on the basic anatomy of the head and neck and the detailed understanding required for corrective surgery of craniofacial defects.

About the Author

Michael H. Carstens, MD, FACS Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative MedicineWake Forest UniversityWinston-Salem, North CarolinaUSA

Contents

۱ Neuromeric Organization of the Head and Neck
۲ Anatomy of Mesenchyme and the Pharyngeal Arches
۳ Embryonic Staging: The Carnegie System
۴ Neurovascular Organization and Assembly of the Face
۵ The Neuromeric System: Segmentation of the Neural Tube
۶ Development of the Craniofacial Blood Supply: Intracranial System
۷ Development of the Craniofacial Blood Supply: Extracranial System
۸ Developmental Anatomy of the Craniofacial Bones
۹ Neuromuscular Development: Motor Columns, Cranial Nerves, and Pharyngeal Arches
۱۰ The Neck: Development and Evolution
۱۱ Developmental Anatomy of Craniofacial Skin, Fat, and Fascia
۱۲ The Meninges
۱۳ The Orbit
۱۴ Pathologic Anatomy of the Hard Palate
۱۵ Alveolar Extension Palatoplasty: The Role of Developmental Field Reassignment in the Prevention of Sequential Vascular Isolation and Growth Arrest
۱۶ Pathologic Anatomy of the Soft Palate
۱۷ Buccinator Interposition Palatoplasty: The Role of Developmental Field Reassignment in the Management of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
۱۸ Pathologic Anatomy of Nasolabial Clefts: Spectrum of the Microform Deformity and the Neuromeric Basis of Cleft Surgery
۱۹ DFR Cheilorhinoplasty: The Role of Developmental Field Reassignment in the Management of Facial Asymmetry and the Airway in the Complete Cleft Deformity
۲۰ Biologics in Craniofacial Reconstruction: Morphogens and Stem Cells